Problems often begin in late fall. As winter approaches, raccoons look for a warm, sheltered place to overwinter. Homeowners may notice a missing section of gutter, torn soffit or a hole in the exterior cladding. When everything suddenly becomes quiet, it may seem as though the problem resolved itself—but the animal is only sleeping, and the situation can worsen when warm spring weather arrives.
Raccoon damage can cost several thousand dollars. A litter of three to seven kits may urinate and defecate in the roof insulation. Mating and the later arrival of newborns create considerable noise. At that point, sleepless nights may be only the beginning.
Kits cry frequently to be fed while the mother scratches and moves insulation to make the space comfortable. Urine stains may eventually appear on interior ceiling drywall.
Raccoon urine and feces can also be hazardous to people because they may transmit illnesses such as leptospirosis and baylisascariasis. Raccoons may also carry rabies and distemper.
Raccoon mating season begins in January and continues through late March. This extended period is partly because males are polygamous.
After a gestation period of 42 to 63 days, females give birth to litters of three to seven kits between mid-February and late May.
Unlike many other species, the kits may not venture outdoors until they are three to five months old. At that age, their mother begins introducing them to the outside world and teaching them to find food.